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Cake day: February 25th, 2025

  • The carina is the most important structure for the cough reflex.

    Reasoning:

    The cough reflex is primarily triggered by irritation of the carina, which is the point where the trachea bifurcates into the main bronchi. This region has a high density of mechanoreceptors that are extremely sensitive to stimuli such as dust, smoke, or secretions. When these receptors are activated, they send signals via the vagus nerve to the cough center in the medulla, initiating the reflex.

    While the larynx, oropharynx, and bronchi also contain sensory receptors that can trigger a cough, the carina is the most sensitive and crucial structure for this reflex.



  • I was involved in some research making implants using in part, patients own hair as a support matrix, and I made the ‘mistake’ or misconception that I think may also be here. That being the concept of it being the ‘patients own tissues’, and therefore better. However for these more inert tissue types there is no advantage, and you have the disadvantage of not selecting an inert material that might be have more optimal properties, and doesn’t require harvesting. So in this example, an artifical bone material, if implanted in the same fashion, would respond in the same way. The notion of it coming from a patients own tooth enamel, might give a ‘feel good factor’, but in histological terms, does not have the biological advantage you might think it has.











  • isurg@lemm.eeOPtoMedicine@mander.xyzCongenital Heart Defects
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    6 days ago

    Good try, PDA is 1 in 2000 but VSD even more common. Both are failures to ‘finish patching up’ as you put it. Good analogy!

    Both Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) involve structures in the heart that fail to close as they should. However, they differ in terms of location and function: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): This is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in a fetus. It normally closes shortly after birth. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): This involves a hole in the septum, the wall that divides the left and right ventricles of the heart. Normally, this wall is completely closed.